Ketamine Powder

Ketamine: Medical Uses, Effects, and Pharmacology

Medical Applications
Ketamine is a well-established anesthetic and analgesic, widely used in both human and veterinary medicine. Key clinical benefits include:

• Trauma & Emergency Care: Preferred for patients at risk of hypotension (low blood pressure), particularly in cases of severe injury or shock.
• Surgical Adjunct: Low doses can reduce postoperative opioid requirements, minimizing nausea and vomiting.
• Mental Health Research: Emerging studies explore its potential for treatment-resistant depression and PTSD.

Pharmacology & History

• Developed in 1963 as a safer alternative to PCP (phencyclidine).
• Approved for medical use in 1969 under the brand name Ketalar.
• Functions as an NMDA receptor antagonist, producing dissociative and analgesic effects.

Effects & Dosage Considerations
Ketamine’s psychoactive properties vary significantly by dose:

• Low Doses (10–30 mg insufflated / 0.1–0.5 mg/kg IV):
  • Mild euphoria, relaxation, and sensory enhancement
  • Comparable to alcohol’s disinhibiting effects
• Moderate Doses (50–100 mg / 0.5–1 mg/kg IV):
  • Hallucinations, perceptual distortions, and dissociation
  • Altered sense of time and body awareness
• High Doses (>1 mg/kg IV):
  • Profound dissociation (“k-hole”)
  • Out-of-body or near-death experiences

Safety & Risks

• Medical Use: Generally safe under clinical supervision.
• Recreational Use: Risks include bladder toxicity (with chronic use), accidents due to motor impairment, and psychological distress.
• Harm Reduction: Always test substances for purity, avoid mixing with depressants (e.g., alcohol), and use in a safe environment.

Legal Status

• Prescription-Only in most countries for anesthesia.
• Illicit Use: Classified as a controlled substance in many regions due to recreational misuse.